Proper installation is essential to achieve the expected performance. The photovoltaic array should be oriented to maximise solar irradiance (south-facing in the northern hemisphere, with an inclination angle equal to the latitude, adjusted for seasonal variation). The inverter should be mounted in a shaded, ventilated location to prevent overheating. Cables must be of appropriate cross-section (e.g., 4–6 mm² for the DC side and 2.5–4 mm² for the AC side) to minimise voltage drop. The DC input cables should be fitted with a DC isolator and fuses. The pump must be installed with a check valve to prevent water hammering, and the dry-run sensor should be placed at the lowest possible water level. Additionally, the system should be earthed properly, and surge protection devices (Type 2 DC SPD) are highly recommended, as solar installations are exposed to lightning hazard
Solar-Priority Mode (Default): The inverter prioritizes solar energy. During daylight hours, it converts DC power from the PV array into AC power to drive the pump. When solar irradiance is insufficient (e.g., morning, evening, or cloudy weather), the inverter can seamlessly supplement or switch entirely to the auxiliary AC input (grid or generator) to maintain continuous operation. This ensures that pump output remains constant, which is critical for pressurized irrigation systems.
The advantages of using solar pump inverters are substantial. The primary benefit is energy independence—reducing or eliminating reliance on diesel fuel and grid electricity, which lowers operational costs and reduces carbon emissions. Solar pumping systems are highly scalable; adding more solar panels can increase the daily water output, making them future-proof. They are also extremely low maintenance compared to diesel pumps, with no fuel to transport or engine parts to service. The use of a variable frequency drive also protects the motor from electrical surges and phase imbalances, often extending the pump’s lifespan. In agricultural applications, the ability to vary the pump speed based on sunlight enables slow, steady irrigation that improves water infiltration and reduces runoff, which is beneficial for crop health. Moreover, water storage systems can be designed to provide gravity-fed pressure, eliminating the need for pressure tanks, or the inverter can directly supply a constant pressure system when coupled with a pressure sensor.
The technical specifications in the SG320 PDF indicate multiple model sizes, typically ranging from 2.2 kW to 132 kW or higher, covering a broad spectrum of pump power requirements. The output is a three-phase AC voltage (usually 380V/415V or 480V), with an adjustable output frequency from 0 to 50Hz or 60Hz. The inverter is designed to drive both centrifugal pumps and submersible pumps, with a dedicated parameter set for each type. The PDF includes a detailed table listing input DC voltage ranges, output AC voltage, rated current, maximum recommended solar array power, and efficiency figures. The unit’s protection rating is typically IP65 for the external enclosure, ensuring dust-tight and water-jet-proof operation, which is essential for mounting outdoors near pumps or solar arrays. Additionally, the operating temperature range is specified, often from -10°C to +50°C, with derating above 40°C to protect the electronic components.
The SN2200 is rated for an output power of 2.2 kW (2200 watts), which corresponds to its model number. This power class is suitable for pumps with a nominal motor power of up to 2.2 kW, typically delivering flow rates of 10-30 cubic meters per hour depending on the total dynamic head (TDH) of the system. The inverter accepts a DC input from the solar array with a wide voltage range, typically from 200 to 450 volts (V), allowing for flexible PV panel configuration. The maximum PV array open-circuit voltage is usually around 500 V, and the recommended PV array power is between 2.5 and 3.5 kWp, ensuring sufficient margin for inverter efficiency and operation under low-light conditions.
A crucial feature depicted in the schematic is the protection circuitry. The circuit diagram includes hardware comparators and latches that rapidly shut down the PWM signals in case of over-current, over-voltage, under-voltage, or over-temperature conditions. A shunt resistor in the DC bus or the use of Hall-effect current sensors provides fast current feedback. If the current exceeds a threshold, a comparator triggers an interrupt in the MCU, and the PWM outputs are immediately disabled. Similarly, the DC bus voltage is monitored; if it rises too high—for example, when the pump is suddenly stopped—a braking chopper circuit (a switch with a power resistor) may be shown across the DC bus to dissipate excess energy. This is particularly important for centrifugal pumps, which can act as generators during sudden deceleration.
The applications of Franklin Electric solar inverters are diverse. Their most common use is in agricultural irrigation, where they power submersible pumps that draw water from wells or boreholes to supply crops. They are also extensively employed in livestock watering, where a reliable supply is essential for animal health. In rural and off-grid communities, these systems provide clean drinking water by powering pumps for communal wells. Moreover, they are used in fountain pumps, water transfer, and even in small industrial processes. The inverters are available in different power ratings, allowing them to be matched to pumps from 1 HP up to 100 HP, covering a wide spectrum of flow and head requirements.
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